睡眠时相相关阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对急性脑梗死患者睡眠结构及预后的影响

目的 探讨REM期与非快动眼睡眠（non-rapid eye movement，NREM）期相关OSA对急性脑梗死（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）患者睡眠结构及预后的影响。 方法 回顾性收集2011年2月-2018年8月于苏州大学附属第二医院就诊且完成PSG的AIS患者，收集 的数据包括一般资料，情绪、认知、睡眠量表评估，MRI 、PSG检查，出院时功能恢复情况（应用NI HSS 量表和mRS量表评估）及3个月预后（应用mRS量表评估）。根据总睡眠期、REM期和NREM期睡眠AHI， 将患者分为单纯脑梗死组、脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组和脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组，对3组一 般资料、临床量表评分、睡眠数据及预后情况进行单因素和多因素分析，观察睡眠不同时相OSA对患 者睡眠结构及预后的影响。 结果 最终纳入110例患者，其中单纯脑梗死组30例（27.3%），脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组15例 （13.6%），脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组65例（59.1%）。脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组BMI高于单纯 脑梗死组。脑梗死组病灶部位多位于大脑半球，脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组病灶依次位于脑干、大 脑半球、间脑。与单纯脑梗死组相比，脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组NREM1期睡眠时间及比例高， 慢波睡眠时间及比例低。与脑梗死合并REM期相关OSA组相比较，脑梗死合并NREM期相关OSA组微 觉醒指数、呼吸相关微觉醒指数、自发相关微觉醒指数高，上述差异均具有统计学意义。各组间3个 月后mRS评分差异无统计学意义。Logistic回归分析提示入院时高NIHSS评分、低受教育水平、高BMI是脑 梗死患者预后不良的独立危险因素。 结论 NREM期相关OSA会改变脑梗死患者的睡眠结构，使其浅睡眠1期延长，深睡眠（NREM 3期 和4期）缩短，睡眠片段化，此种改变可能会导致脑梗死患者预后更差。     

Neuronal protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B hinders sensory-motor functional recovery and causes affective disorders in two different focal ischemic stroke models

Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and inflammation. Inflammation activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Here, we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on functional recovery in two models of stroke: by photothrombosis, focal ischemic lesions were induced in the sensorimotor cortex (SM stroke) or in the peri-prefrontal cortex (peri-PFC stroke). Elevated PTP1B expression was detected at 4 days and up to 6 weeks after stroke. While ablation of PTP1B in neurons of neuronal knockout (NKO) mice had no effect on the volume or resorption of ischemic lesions, markedly different effects on functional recovery were observed. SM stroke caused severe sensory and motor deficits (adhesive removal test) in wild type and NKO mice at 4 days, but NKO mice showed drastically improved sensory and motor functional recovery at 8 days. In addition, peri-PFC stroke caused anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze and open field tests), and depression-like behaviors (forced swimming and tail suspension tests) in wild type mice 9 and 28 days after stroke, respectively, with minimal effect on sensory and motor function. Peri-PFC stroke-induced affective disorders were associated with fewer active (FosB⁺) neurons in the PFC and nucleus accumbens but more FosB⁺ neurons in the basolateral amygdala, compared to sham-operated mice. In contrast, mice with neuronal ablation of PTP1B were protected from anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and showed no change in FosB⁺ neurons after peri-PFC stroke. Taken together, our study identifies neuronal PTP1B as a key component that hinders sensory and motor functional recovery and also contributes to the development of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors after stroke. Thus, PTP1B may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stroke recovery. All procedures for animal use were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service (protocol 1806) on July 27, 2018.Key Words: adhesive removal test, anxiety, depression, elevated plus maze, forced swimming test, Iba1, interleukin-1β, microglia, open field test, tail suspension test, tumor necrosis factor-α

Chinese Library Classification No. R453; R741; R364.5     

胃部超声检查对剖宫产前后胃窦部变化的评估

目的通过胃部超声检查方法观察剖宫产前后胃窦部变化的情况并比较皮肤到胃窦部中心距离及腹主动脉前壁到胃窦部中心距离的变化。方法选择拟行择期剖宫产手术的产妇47例,年龄18～35岁,麻醉方法均采用蛛网膜下腔阻滞。胃部超声检查记录产妇剖宫产前后仰卧位和右侧卧位下胃窦部横截面积(cross-sectional area, CSA)和Perlas评分,同时测量皮肤到胃窦部中心和腹主动脉前壁到胃窦部中心的距离变化情况。结果与剖宫产前比较,剖宫产后仰卧位下胃窦部CSA明显减小(P=0.001),但右侧卧位下胃窦部CSA差异无统计学意义。剖宫产前后仰卧位和右侧卧位下Perlas评分差异均无统计学意义。与剖宫产前比较,剖宫产后皮肤到胃窦部中心距离和腹主动脉前壁到胃窦部中心的距离明显缩短(P0.05)。结论剖宫产后仰卧位下胃窦部CSA减小,妊娠晚期胃窦部CSA不能用于胃内容物的定量评估,但胃内容物的定性评估不会受到影响。     

A case of nodal marginal zone lymphoma with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites as initial symptom

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) refers to skin reactions such as bullae and necrosis, which occurs after being bitten by mosquitoes and can present with multiple systemic reactions such as fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly simultaneously or subsequently. A 48‐year‐old male patient presented with recurrent erythema, nodules, papules, vesicles and bullae over upper body and bilateral limbs with itching over the sites of mosquito bite for more than 1 year with low‐grade fever and superficial lymph nodes enlargement. The patient's symptoms failed to improve from conventional anti allergic treatment although skin biopsy showed changes of HMB reaction. Subsequently, the lymph node was biopsied and was reported to be nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and then the patient was eventually diagnosed with nodal marginal zone lymphoma with HMB. To date only one case of nodal marginal zone lymphoma with HMB has been reported from Korea, and this is the first case to be reported in China.     

镇心省睡益智方及其精油对AD模型小鼠学习记忆的影响

目的:观察镇心省睡益智方水提液及其精油对β淀粉样前体蛋白基因/早老素基因(APP/PS1)双转基因小鼠学习记忆的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法:采用APP/PS1双转基因痴呆小鼠及同月龄相同遗传背景C57BL/6JNju小鼠2种小鼠。C57BL/6JNju小鼠作为正常组,APP/PS1双转基因痴呆小鼠随机分为模型组,镇心省睡益智方精油低、高质量浓度组(12.13,48.50 mg·L~(-1)),镇心省睡益智方水提液组(0.46 g·kg~(-1)),每组12只。每天给药1次,连续给药22 d。给药结束后采用跳台实验、Morris水迷宫实验对小鼠行为学能力进行检测,采用尼氏染色观察海马CA1区神经元变化,采用硫磺素(Th S)染色观察海马DG区老年斑(SP)沉积,采用免疫组化法检测小鼠脑组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1),胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)的表达,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测小鼠海马组织中乙酰胆碱(ACH),γ-氨基丁酸(GABA),谷氨酸(GLU)含量的变化。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠跳台实验潜伏期显著缩短,错误次数显著增加(P0.01),Morris水迷宫实验定位航行逃避潜伏期明显延长(P0.05,P0.01),海马CA1区神经元出现缺失,DG区出现明显的老年斑沉积(P0.05),ACH,GLUT1含量均显著下降(P0.01),GABA,GLU水平及IRS-1的表达均显著升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组均可显著延长小鼠跳台实验潜伏期、减少跳台错误次数(P0.01),明显降低定位航行小鼠逃避潜伏期(P0.05,P0.01),可一定程度保护小鼠海马CA1区神经元,减少DG区老年斑沉积(P0.05,P0.01),明显增加小鼠脑组织中ACH,GLUT1表达(P0.05,P0.01),显著降低GABA,GLU水平及IRS-1的表达(P0.01)。结论:镇心省睡益智方水提液及其精油能够改善APP/PS1小鼠的学习记忆行为,保护神经元,增加脑组织GLUT1的表达,减少脑组织IRS-1的表达,减少老年斑沉积,升高ACH含量,降低GABA,GLU含量,可能是其防治阿尔茨海默症的机制。     

在生物化学教学中培养医学生的科研创新能力

在教学过程中潜移默化培养医学生的科研创新能力，是实践新时代医学教育改革新理念的有益探索。生物化学是医学生的重要专业基础课程之一，探讨在生物化学教学过程中通过多种教学方法培养学生对科研的兴趣，同时，结合科研新进展，开拓学生的视野，培养学生的创新思维，提高医学生科研创新能力的思路。     

脑脊液肿瘤标志物检查在脑膜转移瘤诊断中的价值

目的:通过分析脑膜转移瘤的临床特点、增强MRI表现、脑脊液肿瘤标志物检查结果，提高对脑膜转移瘤的认识程度，并寻找有效的检查方法。方法:回顾分析我院肿瘤内科2011年10月至2017年6月收治的23例脑膜转移瘤患者，从临床表现、脑膜增强MRI表现、脑脊液肿瘤标志物检测以及与血清肿瘤标志物进行对比的结果进行统计分析。结果:23例患者中脑脊液肿瘤标志物、细胞学和影像学阳性表达率分别为82.61%、56.52%和65.22%；以单一标志物CEA为独立观察指标，当脑脊液中CEA含量高表达时，脑脊液细胞学、脑膜强化MRI的阳性检出率也增加；当脑脊液肿瘤标志物多种阳性表达时，脑脊液细胞学、脑膜强化MRI阳性率也增加，三者之间密切相关，具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。肿瘤标志物在脑脊液中的阳性表达与在血清中呈对应关系。结论:脑脊液细胞学检查和增强MRI是脑膜转移瘤的主要诊断依据，脑脊液肿瘤标志物联合脑膜增强MRI弥补了细胞学检查的缺陷，提高诊断准确率。